Institute of General Semantics: Using GS

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Using General Semantics
by
Susan Presby Kodish, Ph.D., co-author of Drive Yourself Sane

 ©1995

General semantics can be considered a neuro-semantic, neuro-linguistic discipline. Therefore, I have found that learning the definitions and descriptions of the formulations found in Science and Sanity, staff presentations and other sources provides a necessary but not sufficient condition for developing a general semantic orientation. Using the following material will help you to incorporate general semantics into your everyday habitual reacting, getting it into your nervous system, thus learning it neuro-semantically.

By using general semantics, we can learn to understand ourselves and others better. We can also learn to react-evaluate differently, if we so desire. In developing a general semantic orientation we thus can improve our functioning.

In the material on the following pages, I summarize some of my formulating on how to approach these goals.  The format of presentation is:

The formulation
Some reactions that relate to using this formulation
Some questions to ask yourself, and answer, that will help you to use this formulation in your day-to-day life.

The 15 formulations which follow are:
 1. Semantic reactions
 2. Time-binding (Personal)
 3. Organism-as-a-whole-in-environments
 4. Map-territory relations
 5. Non-identity
 6. Non-absolutism
 7. Self-reflexiveness
 8. Consciousness of abstracting
 9. Multiordinality
 10. Question formulating
 11. Dating
 12. Indexing
 13. Quotes
 14. Hyphen
 15. Etc.
 

1. Semantic reactions

Note total organismic reacting; my and your sensing-thinking-feeling-acting-etc.:

 What was going on in and around me as I reacted?
 What was I sensing?
 What was I 'thinking'?
 What was I 'feeling'?
 What was I doing?
 How was I moving?


Develop an orientation of delaying reactions:

 How can I delay my reaction?
 When I wait to react, what happens?


Increase response options:

 How did I choose to react that way?
 Can I make other choices?
 What?
 How?


2. Time-binding (Personal)

Note developmental life processes; changes over time:

 How did I get this way?
 What led to my reacting in the ways that I do?
 What kinds of response habits have I learned and developed?
 How can I learn to "date" myself?  (See "Dating" below)
 What habits do I like?
 What habits might I like to change?
 How will I do this?
 What are the first steps to changing?
 When will I take them?
Accept present, including myself:
How can I best build on my personal experiences?
How do I help and hurt myself and others by demanding that events, including myself, should happen differently right at this moment?
When I don't accept events as they happen at the moment, does that cause them to change?
How does this hinder my growth?
What problems are created?
Should a flower not happen as it does?
Then how come I shouldn't happen as I do?
How will accepting myself help me to move on?
 
3. Organism-as-a-whole-in-environments

Broaden awareness of what is going on, 'inside' and 'out':

 What do I sense 'inside' and 'out'?
 What do I smell, hear, see, touch, taste, etc.?
 What else can I become aware of?


Cope with uncertainty:

 How will having greater awareness help me to deal with whatever happens?
 How can this help me to experience more security, even when I can't 'feel' certain about anything?
 How can I learn to "index" better?  (See "Indexing" below)
4. Map-Territory Relations

Assume non-identity of orders of abstraction:

 Is the way I evaluate something the way it 'really is'?
 Are my words the same as my non-verbal experience?
 Am I referring to a 'fact' or an inference?
 How can I tell the difference?
 What happens when I avoid the word 'same'?
 Can I ever know the way something 'really is'?
 If not, how might I better evaluate?
Assume non-allness of abstracting:
 What might I have left out?
 What else?
 What effect does this have?  (See "Etc." below)
Recognize that semantic reactions refer to the particular person reacting:
 What about me contributes to my reacting in a certain way?
 What about 'I' gets in my 'eyes' as I develop my view of events?
 What effects does this have?
 
5. Non-identity

Remember that my conclusions are not the same as my inferences are not the same as 'facts' are not the same as non-verbal experiencing are not the same as "what-is-inferred-to-be-going-on":

 Can I ever know what some event 'is', apart from even my non-verbal evaluating?
 What happens when I don't use the "is of identity"?
 Does what I do equal what I 'am', as a totality?
 Does what others do equal what they 'are', as totalities?
 How could I ever know what I and others 'are', as totalities?
 What differences will I experience when I focus on what I do rather than on what I 'am'?
 What differences will I experience when I focus on what others do rather than on what
  they 'are'?
 What happens when I don't put over-generalized, over-restrictive labels, like good/bad
  and smart/stupid, on myself and others?
 Can I ever describe anything apart from my evaluating?
 What happens when I don't use the "is of predication"?
 Can I ever know that something 'is' pretty in and of  itself?
 Where are the sights I see, the sounds I hear, the aromas I smell, the flavors I taste, the
  sensations I experience located?
 What happens when I say that something looks pretty to me?


6. Non-absolutism

View formulations as hypotheses to be tested:

 How can I test this out?
 How will I know to what extent I've evaluated this accurately?
 Can I ever feel absolutely 'sure' of my  evaluations?
 What does this suggest?  


Use quantifiers and qualifiers to express tentativeness:

 How does this seem to me?
 What happens when I use the word "perhaps"?
 To what degree does this apply?
 What happens when I avoid the word "same"?
 What happens when I use "a" or "an" instead of "the"?
 What happens when I use plurals in place of singular forms?
 7. Self-reflexiveness

Take responsibility for my own reactions:

 What happens when I say "I" instead of the rhetorical "you"?
 When I say "you" is it you I'm talking about or myself?
 How can I rephrase this using "I"?
 How can I acknowledge the "to-me-ness" of my evaluations?
Recognize multi-meanings:
 How did I develop my idiosyncratic definitions?
 Can there be other ways of defining/describing events?
 How can I remember that we all have personal meanings for words and non-verbal experiences?
 8. Consciousness of abstracting

Separate 'facts' from inferences, uncover assumptions, etc.:

 What do I 'mean'?
 How do I know?
 Can I sense what I'm talking about?
 What observations support or negate my inferences?
Note assumption-conclusion-behavior links:
 What assumptions do I make about this happening?
 What conclusions am I reaching?
 How am I behaving?
 What changes in my assumptions and conclusions will be needed in order to behave differently?
Become aware of different levels of internal processes:
 What's going on in me now?
 What am I 'thinking'?
 What memories are triggered?
 What assumptions am I making?
 What do I believe?
 What images do I have?
 What rules for living do I follow?
Note dead-level abstracting:
 Am I getting stuck on either higher-order or lower-order abstractions?
 What kinds of inferences and conclusions can I draw from what I observe?
 What do I need to observe to test my inferences and conclusions?
 What happens when I alternate among these levels?
9. Multiordinality

Recognize semantic reactions to semantic reactions:

 How am I reacting?
 How am I reacting to these reactions?
 What happens as this process continues?
 What happens when I get upset about my semantic reactions?
 What happens when I accept my semantic reactions?
 What happens when I focus on my current experience, rather than my past experience or anticipated future?
 
10. Question formulating

Note answerability of questions asked and usefulness of answers:

What kind of answers do I expect when I ask this question?
To what extent can I feel satisfied with any answer?
How can I rephrase this to find out more of what I want to know?
Shift from "why" to "how" questions:
How can I know "why" something happened?
How far back do I have to go?
What will happen when I ask "how" something happened instead of "why"?
Avoid complex questions:
Does my question include an opinion in disguise?
What do I 'mean', e.g., when I ask, "How could I have done that?"
What happens when I separate this into three questions:
1) What did I do?
2) How did I come to do that?
3) How do I evaluate what I did?
11. Dating

Use dates to show how things change over time:

 I(1995) am not I(1984).
Separate past from present, look for changes over time:
 When did something like this happen before?
 How did I react then?
 How old was I?
 How have I changed since then?
 How have other happenings changed since then?
 How can these changes influence how I react now?
12. Indexing

Use indexes to show differences within classifications:

 Seminar(1) is not seminar(2).
Look for differences:
How does this situation seem different from similar ones?
Do these differences make a difference?
How?
Develop specific, detailed descriptions:
What do I see, hear, smell, taste, touch?
What happened?
And then?
And then?
How many semantic reactions can I list?
What physiological sensations occur?
Develop a multi-valued orientation:
What happens when I give up a two-valued orientation and look for continuums instead?   For example, what happens if, instead of labeling my reaction as anxious or calm, I rate   the degree of anxiety or calm I experience on a scale of 1-10?
How can I describe this?
Focus on moment-to-moment experiencing:
What do I notice?
What is going on 'inside' of me?
How are others reacting?
Label what is going on as accurately as possible:
How do I react to "whatever"?
How can I best describe my reaction?
How can I differentiate my reactions, e.g., distinguish anxiety from excitement?
How do I know what my reactions 'mean'?
Develop an orientation of minimum expectations:
Can I expect with certainty that someone will behave differently than usual?
How does having more-than-minimum expectations lead me to react?
What will happen when I have minimum expectations?
Watch for overgeneralizations:
Does that apply all of the time?
When and when not?

13. Quotes

Use single quotes to note words that you consider elementalistic or otherwise questionable:

 What happens to my reacting when I note 'think', 'feel','mind', 'body', etc., instead of think, feel, mind, body, etc.?
 How does this alert me to possible problems in evaluating?
14. Hyphen

Connect with a hyphen words that suggest separation of what we best understand as unified processes:

What happens when I note my thinking-feeling instead of 'thinking' separate from 'feeling'?
How about mind-body instead of my 'mind' separate from my 'body'?
Can these ever be separated other than verbally?
15. Etc.

Use "etc." to note non-allness:

 Is that all?
 What else?
 What else?
 Do I have it 'all' now?
 What happens when I add "etc." to the end of my communications?